updated on: 28th November 2020

Route Naming Conventions

• resource.index
• resource.create
• resource.store
• resource.show
• resource.edit
• resource.update
• resource.destroy

Middleware

this->middleware('auth') , this->middleware('admin')

Eloquent

Path Prefix

Route::prefix('dashboard')->group(function(){
	...
})

Subdomain

Route::domain('api.myapp.com')->group(function(){

})

Name Prefixes

Route::name('users.')->prefix('users');

Signed Routes

They are used to create unique routes for validaton purposes

//normal link
URL::route('invitations',['invitation'=>12345,'answer'=>yes]);

//signed link
URL::signedRoute('invitations',['invitation'=>12345,'answer'=>yes]);

// signed link with expiration

URL::temporarySignedRoute(
	'invitations',
	now()->addHours(4),
	['invitation'=>12345,'answer'=>yes]
);

Views

View Composers

To make all views related to tasks share the same variable you could use view()->share('variableName','variableValue')

Controllers

Creating a controller

creating a controller php artisan make:controller TaskController

Creating a rousource controller

A resource controller is a controller with some method naming conventions php artisan make:controller MyResourceController --resource and binding the controller to route will be Route::resource('tasks','TaskController');

APi Resouce Controllers

php artisan make:controll MyResourceController --api and binding Route::apiResource('tasks','TasksController')

Single action controllers

they use the __invoke() method for single action

// App\http\Controllers\UpdateUserAvatar
public function __invoke(User $user){
	//your code
}

binding the route
Route::post('users/user/update-avatar','updateUserAvatar');

Form Spoofing

<form action="tasks/5/" method="Post">
@method('DELETE')
</form>

Redirects

• return redirect()->to('login')
• return redirect('loging')
• returen Redirect::to('login')
• return redirect()->route('conferences.index')
• return redirect()->back()
• return redirect()->home()
• return redirect()->refresh()
• return redirect()->away()
• return redirect()->action([Mycontroller::class],'index')
• return redirect()->guest()
• return redirect()->intended()
• return redirect()->with('error',true) used to pass data along

Aborting a request

Route::post('...',function(){

	abort(403,"You can't do this");
	abort_unless($request->has('magicToken'),403);
})

Custom Responses

Response()->make()

response->make(Hello,World) used to pass data

Response()->json() and ->jsonp()

response->json(User::all())

Response()->download(), ->streamDownload(), and ->file()

return response()->dowload('mydriv3453453454.pdf','renamedfile.pdf')
to display the file in the browser response()->file('mydriv3453453454.pdf')

Blade Templating

Conditionals

• @if(condition) @elseif(condition) @else @endif

• @unless($user->hasPaid()) @endunless

Loops

• @for(condition) @endfor

• @foreach(condition) @endforeach

• @while(condition) @endwhile

• @forelse(condition) @empty @endforelse

$loop within @foreach and @forelse

• $loop->index the 0 based index

• $loop->iteration the 1 based index

• $loop->remaining checks how many items in the loop

• $loop->count counts how many items in the loop

• $loop->first indicates the first item

• $loop->last indicates the last item

• $loop->depth

• $loop->parent references the parent loop item

	<ul>
		@foreach($pages as $page)
		<li> : 
		@if($page->hasChildren())
		<ul>
			@foreach($page->children() as $child)
			<li>
				
				
			</li>
			@endforeach
		</ul>
		@endif
		</li>
		@enforeach
	</ul>

Template Inheritance

@section/@show and @yield

@yield

<title> My Site | @yield('title', 'Home Page') </title>


<div class="container">
	@yield('content')
</div>

@section('footerScripts')
<script type="app.js"></script>
@show

Extending blade layout

	@extends('layouts.master')

	@section('title','dashboard')

	@section('content')
	welcome

	@endsection


	@section('footerScripts')
	@parent
	<script type="dashboard.js"></script>
	@endsection


	@include('sign-up-button',['text'=>'see just how great it is'])

	<a class="button">
	
	</a>

Includes

• @includeIf('sidebars.admin',['some'=>'data']) include if view exist

• @includeWhen($user->isAdmin()),'sidebars.admin', ['some'=>'data']) include if it’s admin

• @includeFirst(['customs.header','header'],['some'=>data]) include first view from array

@stack and @push

define @stack(scripts) in master and @push('scripts') <script src="jobs.css"></script> to push something in child template at the bottom and @prepend('scripts')...@endprepend at the top of the stack

Databases

Migrations

Creating Migrations

	
	php artisan make:migration create_users_table
	php artisan make:migration add_votes_to_users_table --table=users
	php artisan make:migration create_users_table --create=users

Migration blueprints methods

• integer(columName) tinyInteger(columName) smallInteger(columName) mediumInteger(columName)

• string(colName, length)

• binary(colName)

• boolean(colName)

• char(colName, length)

• datetime(colName)

• decimal(colName)

• double(colName, precision, scale) i.e decimal('amount',5,2)

• enum

• float(colName, precision, scale)

• json(colName) or jsonb(colName)

• text(colName) ` mediumText(colName) longText(colName)`

• time(colName)

• timestamp(colName)

• uuid(colName)

• increments(colName)

• timestamps() and nullableTimestamps()

• rememberToken()

• softDeletes()

• mordphs(colName)

Migration blueprints extra properties

• nullable()

• default('default content')

• unsigned()

• first() for mysql

• after(colName) for mysql too

• unique()

• primary()

• index()

Indexes and foreign keys

Indexes are used for performance optimization and data integrity.

$table->index('amount') // basic index
$table->index('amount', 'amount_index') //basic index with index name
$table->unique('email') // unique index
$table->primary('user_id')

$table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users'); // foreign Id
$table->foreign('user_id')->references('id')->on('users')->onDelete('cascade'); // foreign Id with constraints

Seeding

• php artisan migrate --seed or php artisan migrate:refresh --seed runs migrations and seeding database after

• php artisan db:seed or php artisan db:seed --class=VotesTableSeeder runs only seeders or particular seed.

creating a seeder

php artisan make:seeder ContactTableSeeder

calling the seed class

// DtabaseSeeder
public function run(){
	$this->call(ContactTableSeeder::class);
}

// contactsTableSeeder

public function run(){
	DB::table('contacts')->insert([
		'name'=>'Lupita Smith',
		'email'=>'lupita@gmail.com',
		]);
}

Model Factories

Defining a model factories with eloquent. It’s good to name the factory after your eloquent class.

$factory->define(User::class, function(Faker\Generator $faker){
	return [
		'name'=> $faker->name,
	];

	});


	$factory->define('users',function(Faker\Generator $faker){
		return[
			'name'=>$faker->name,
		];

		});

creating a model factory

php artisan make:factory ContactFactory

defining a factory

Factory are usually used for testing and seeding.

$factory->define(Contact::class, function(Faker\Generator $faker){
	return [
		'name'=>'Lupita Smith',
		'email'=>'lupita@gmail.com',


	];
		// or you can use faker to generate different entiries
	return [
		'name'=> $faker->name,
		'email'=>$faker->email, or //creating unique $faker->unique()->email;

		
	];
	});


	//creating one
	$contact = factory(Contact::class)->create();

	//create many
	factory(Contact::class,20)->create();

Attaching relationships with factories

$factory->define(Contact::class, function(Faker\Generator $faker){
	return [
		'name'=>'Lupita Smith',
		'email'=>'lupita@gmail.com',
		'company_id'=> function(){
		return factory(App\Company::class)->create()->id;
	}


	];

	});

Query Builder

$users = DB::select(['table'=>'users','where'=>['type'=>'donor']]); //non-fluent


$users = DB::table('users')->where('type','donor')->get(); //fluent

Eloquent

Creating an eloquent model

php artisan make:model Contact

php artisan make:model Contact --migration creates a migration along with your model

protected $table= 'contacts_secondary'; //customizing tablename

protected $primaryKey='contact_id'; // changing the primary key

public $incrementing = false; // turning of incrementing id;


public $timestamps = false; // turns of timestamps


protected $fillable = ['name','email']; //fields allowed in case of mass assignment

protected $guarded =['id','created_at','owner_id']; // fields disallowed in case of mass assignment

Request->only()

Contact::create($request->only('name','email')); simpler way for mass assignment selecting the necessary fields.

Deleting with eloquent

$contact = Contact::find(4);
$contact->delete();

//or

$contact->destory(1);

Soft Deletes

use SoftDeletes;

protected $dates = ['deleted_at']; // make this column as a date

Eloquent Relationships

One to One

	public function phoneNumber(){
	return $this->hasOne(PhoneNumber::class,'owner_id');
}

// accessing 
$contact = Contact::first();
$contactPhone = $contact->phoneNumber;


//getting the contact from phone number

public function contact(){
	return $this->belongsTo(Contact::class);
}

//accessing
$contact = $phoneNumber->contact;

//inserting related items

$contact = Contact::first();
$phoneNumber = new PhoneNumber;
$contact->phoneNumbers()->save($phoneNumber);

One to Many

	public function contacts(){
	return $this->hasMany(Contact::class);
}

//accessing
$user = User::first();
$usersContacts = $user->contacts;



public function user(){
	return $this->belongsTo(User::class);
}

//accessing
$userName = $contact->user->name;

Attaching and detaching

$contact = Contact::first();
$contact->user()->associate(User::first));
$contact->save();


$contact->user()->dissociate();
$contact->save();

Relationships with query builder

$donors = $user->contacts()->where('status','donor')->get();

FrontEnd Components

Laravel Mix

//webpack configuration
var path = require('path');
var MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin');


module.exports={
	entry: './src/sass/app.scss',
	module: {
		rules:[
			{
				test:/\.s[ac]ss$/,
				use: [
					MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
					"css-loader",
					"sass-loader"
				]
			}
		]
	},

plugins: [
	new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
			path: path.resolve(__dirname, './dist'),
			filename: 'app.css'
		})
]

}

// larave mix configuration
let mix = require('laravel-mix');

mix.sass('resources/sass/app.scss','public/css');

Enabling source maps

let mix = require('laravel-mix');

mix.js('resources/js/app.js','public/js').sourceMaps();

Concatinating files

let mix = require('laravel-mix');


//processing javascript

mix.js('resources/js/app.js','public/js');

//concatenating scripts
mix.scripts([
	'resources/js/normalize.js',
	'resources/js/app.js',
	],'public/js/all.js');

// concatenating styles
mix.styles([
	'resources/css/normalize.css',
	'resources/css/app.css'
	],'public/css/all.css');

Frontend Presets

• php artisan preset react
• php artisan preset bootstrap
• php artisan preset none

Installing a preset

composer require laravel-frontend-presets/tailwindcss then php artisan preset tailwindcss

Pagination

``

Collection and Handling User Data

• $request->all()

• $request->except() and $request->only() i.e $request->except('_token');

• $request->has() i.e $request->has('utm');

• $request->input('name')

• $request->isMethod('patch')

• $request->json()

validating file upload

if($request->hasFile('profile_picture') && $request->file('profile_picture')->isValid())

Artisan and Thinker

Creating Commands

// creating commands

#bash
php artisan make:command ResetUser --command=reset:userreset



#arguments and options

protected $signature = 'password:reset {userId} {--sendEmail}';


# arguments and options with descriptions

protected $signature = 'password:reset {userId} {--sendEmail}';

protected $signature = 'password:reset {userId=1} {--sendEmail}';


# requires value
protected $signature = 'password:reset {userId} {--password=}';


# defining description text

protected $signature = 'password:reset 
						{userId: the Id of the user
						 --sendEmail: wheter to send user an email
						}';

# getting input from user on artisan command

public function handle(){
	// all arguments
	$arguments= $this->arguments();

	//getting specific argument

	$userid = $this->argument('userId');


	// getting all options
	$options = $this->options();

	//getting specific options
	$sendEmail = $this->option('sendEmail');

#prompting user for input
 //ask()

 $email =  $this->ask('What is your email address?');

 //secrets like password

 $password = $this->secret('what is the db password');

 // confirmation yes/no
 if($this->confirm('do you want to delete this user?')){
 	// all answers except Y will be treated as no
 }

 //choice
 $winner = $this->choice('who is the best at singing',['ed sheeran','the weekend'],0)
 $winner = $this->choice('who is the best at singing',['ed'=>ed sheeran','weekend'=>'the weekend'],'ed');

# output

$this->info('Your command has run successfully.')

}

writing a closure based command

// routes/console.php

Artisan::command(
	'password:reset {userId} {--sendEmail}',
	function($userId, $sendEmail){
		$userId = $this->argument('userId');
	}
	)

calling artisan command with normal code

Route::get('test-artisan', function(){
	$exitCode = Artisan::call('password:reset',[
	'userId'=>15,
	'--sendEmail'=>true,
	])
})

Authentication and Authorization

Creating auth files

php artisan make:auth

• Authentication means verify the identity of someone

• Authorization means verify if the authenticated user is allowed to perform some act.

Authorization

• can()

Authentication

• auth()->check() checks if the user is authenticated or not

• auth()->id()

• auth()->guest()

• auth()->user()->id()

• auth()->guest()

making user verify their email Auth::routes(['verify'=>true]);

turning off registration route Auth::routes(['register'=>false]);

turning off account reset Auth::routes(['reset'=>false]);

Attemping user authentication

// attempting login
if(auth()->attempt([
		'email'=>$request->input('email');
		'password'=>$request->input('password')

	])){
		// handle the successful login 

	}

// attempting login with remmber me token
if(auth()->attempt([
		'email'=>$request->input('email');
		'password'=>$request->input('password');

	]),request()->filled('remember')){
		// handle the successful login 

	}

Policies

Making a policy

php artisan make:policy ContactPolicy

Request & Response Object

• all() returns all user inputed data

• input(fieldname)

• only(fiieldName or ['field names'])

• except(fieldName | ['fieldnames']

• exists(fieldname) or has(fieldname)

• filled(fieldname) checks if field exists and is not empty

• json() returns json

• json(keyname) returns given key in json

Request state methods

• method(Get,post,patch, etc.)

• path() returns the path

• url() returns the url with full domain name

• is('*b*') fuzzy matches any character

• ip() returns user ip

• header() returns an array of the headers

Redirecting

• redirect('account/payment')

• redirect()->to('account/payment')

• redirect()->route('account.payment')

• redirect()->action('AccountController@showPayment')

• redirect()->away('https://tighten.co'); redirecting to an external domain

• return back()->withInput('name');

• return redirect('dashboard')->with('message','contact created'); and to get message echo session('message') in the function

Middleware

Creating a middleware

php artisan make:middleware BanDeleteMethod

Testing

Testing Terms

• Unit Tests target small, relatively isolated units. class or methods

• feature tests tests the way individual unites work together and pass messages

• application tests test usually http calls and behavior of the application

• regression test usually to test what the user should be able to do

Creating test

• php artisan make:test FailingTest for creating feature test

• php artisan make:test SubscriptionTest --unit for creating unit test

Naming tests

Test that will run and the ones that doesn’t

public function test_it_names_things_well(){
	// runs
}


public function testTtNamesThingsWell(){
	//runs
}

/** @test */

public function it_names_things_well(){
	//runs
}

public function it_names_things_well(){
	// doesn't run
}

laravel automatically set your environment to testing when it runs test; it also uses phpunit.xml for it’s environment variables or you can make a copy of .env.example and rename it to .env.testing for phpunit to use that file as the environment variables files.

The Testing Traits

• RefreshDatabase with Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase runs migration in your test database at the beginning and wraps each test method with transactions

• WithoutMiddleware with Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithouthMiddleware disable all middleware when running test

• DatabaseMigrations with Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseMigrations runs php artisan migrate:fresh before every test runs

• DatabaseTransactions with Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseTransactions wraps every test in database transaction, so it returns them back to exact state after the test ends

Writing APIs

Making Apic Controllers

php artisan make:controller Api\DogsController --api

Routing for api

Route::namespace('Api')->group(function(){
	Route::apiResource('dogs','DogsController');
	})

Sending Response Headers in laravel

	Route::get('dogs',function(){
	return response(Dog::all())->header('x-Greatness-Index',12);
})

Reading Request Headers in laravel

	Route::get('dogs',function(Request $request){
	var_dump($request->header('Accept'));
})

Eloquent Pagination for API

	
		Route::get('dogs',function(){
		retun Dog::paginate(20);
	})

	//  so pagination in api will be
	GET /dogs
	GET /dogs?page=1
	GET /dogs?page=2


	

Api Resources

Creating APi Resources

php artisan make:resource Dog

Mail and Notifications

• php artisan make:mail AssignmentCreated

Mail Markdown components

• button

• panel

• table

Queueing Mails

	
		Mail::queue(new AssignmentCreate($trainer, $trainee))

		//later()
		$when = now()->addMinutes(30);
		Mail::later($when, new AssignmentCreated($trainer, $trainee));
	

Notifications

php artisan make:notification WorkoutAvailable

Sending Notifications

Notification::send($users, new WorkoutAvailable($workout));

Queueing notificatons

	
		$delayUntil = now()->addMinutes(15);
		$user->notify((new WorkoutAvailable($workout))->delay($delayUntil));